Nth Gray Code

MediumBit-ManipulationGray-CodeMath5 hidden tests

In the binary-reflected Gray code, consecutive values differ in exactly one bit. The value at index n (0-indexed) is given by n XOR (n >> 1).

Output the Gray code value at index n.

Input format

One line: a non-negative integer n.

One line: the nth Gray code value.

Example 1

Input

Expected

Explanation

5 XOR 2 = 7, so the 5th Gray code value is 7.

Example 2

Input

Expected

Explanation

0 XOR 0 = 0.

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